Vascular complications were defined Elafibranor by the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) criteria. The ratio of the sheath outer diameter (in millimeters) to the minimal femoral artery diameter (in millimeters) defined the sheath to femoral

artery ratio (SFAR).\n\nResults In our cohort of elderly patients (83.3 +/- 5.9 years), the logistic Euro Score was 25.8% +/- 11.9%. The Edwards valve was used in 102 cases (18- to 24-F) and the Core Valve in 27(18-F). The minimal femoral artery diameter was 8.17 +/- 1.14 mm, and the calcification (0 to 3) and tortuosity scores (0 to 3) were 0.58 +/- 0.72 and 0.28 +/- 0.53, respectively. The mean sheath diameter was 8.10 +/- 0.82 mm, and the mean SFAR was 0.99 +/- 0.16. Vascular complications occurred in 27.6% (VARC major: 17.3%, minor: 10.2%), and major vascular complications predicted 30-day mortality (22.7% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.049). The SFAR (hazard ratio [HR]: 186.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.41 to 7,855.11), center experience (HR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.17 to 11.49), and femoral calcification (HR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.16 to 10.17) predicted major complications by multivariate analysis. An SFAR threshold of 1.05 (area under the curve = 0.727) predicted a higher rate

of VARC major complications (30.9% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.001) and 30-day mortality (18.2% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.016).\n\nConclusions Vascular complications in transfemoral TAVI are relatively frequent. VARC major vascular complications increase 30-day mortality and are predicted by experience, femoral calcification, and SFAR. Routine application of SFAR will improve patient selection for transfemoral EPZ5676 solubility dmso TAVI and may improve outcome. (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2011;4:851-8) (C) 2011 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation”
“Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films of similar to 100 nm thickness with various Al doping were prepared at 150 degrees C by atomic layer deposition on quartz Ro-3306 in vivo substrates. At low Al doping, the films were strongly textured along the [100] direction, while at higher Al doping the films remained amorphous. Atomic force microscopy results

showed that Al-O cycles when inserted in a ZnO film, corresponding to a few atomic percent Al, could remarkably reduce the surface roughness of the films. Hall measurements revealed a maximum mobility of 17.7 cm(2)/V s. Film resistivity reached a minima of 4.4 X 10(-3) Omega cm whereas the carrier concentration reached a maxima of 1.7 X 10(20) cm(-3), at 3 at. % Al. The band gap of AZO films varied from 3.23 eV for undoped ZnO films to 3.73 eV for AZO films with 24.6 at. % Al. Optical transmittance over 80% was obtained in the visible region. The detrimental impact of increased Al resulting in decreased conductivity due to doping past 3.0 at. % is evident in the x-ray diffraction data, as an abrupt increase in the optical band gap and as a deviation from the Burstein-Moss effect. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

Methods: We conducted a self-administered health survey of all public

servants in the Miyagi prefectural government two and seven months after the Great East Japan Earthquake (3743 workers, 70.6% of all employees). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mental distress (defined as K6 score bigger than = 10) in the domain of disaster-work-related stressors, work-related stressors, and disaster-related LY2835219 manufacturer stressors. Results: Among those with better levels of workplace communication, the only factor that increased the risk of mental distress was not taking a non-work day each week (adjusted OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.27-5.14). Among those with poorer levels of workplace communication, in addition to not taking a non-work day each week (adjusted OR 3.93, 95% CI 3.00-5.15), handling residents’ complaints (adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.00-2.42), having dead or missing family members (adjusted OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.53-5.38), and living in a shelter more than two months after the disaster (adjusted OR 2.80, SNX-5422 cost 95% CI 1.32-5.95) increased the risk of mental distress. Conclusions: All workers should be encouraged to take a non-work day each week. Among workers with poor workplace communication, special attention should be given to those who handle residents’

complaints, have lost a family member(s), and are living in a shelter for a prolonged period of time.”
“A series of cellulose acetate (CA) samples with an average degree of substitution (DS) ranging from DS = 1.5 to DS = 2.3 was synthesized PD98059 manufacturer by partial saponification of a high DS sample (DS = 2.6). The comparison of the theoretical DS-values with ones determined by H-1 NMR showed that the deacetylation reaction can be well controlled by the amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) added. The average molar masses of the samples and their molar mass distributions were characterized by size exclusion

chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) detection in N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) containing 250 mmol/L lithium chloride (LiCl) in order to effectively suppress aggregation of the samples. The dependences of molar mass versus elution volume for samples of different DS can be well described by a common calibration curve. This allows using the same calibration curve for determination of molar masses of unknown samples, irrespective of their DS. A comparison of the absolute molar masses determined by light scattering with the molar masses obtained using a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) calibration curve revealed that the PMMA equivalent molar masses overestimated the absolute molar masses by a factor of approximately 3. Correction factors were determined making it possible to convert a PMMA calibration curve into a CA calibration curve.

None of the three polymorphisms showed differences in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies between the PAC group and the control group. No significant association was determined between the 3 SNPs and AL, ACD, or DS of PAC subjects. We concluded that even though PLEKHA7 rs11024102, COL11A1 rs3753841, and PCMTD1-ST18 rs1015213 are associated with PACG, those sequence variations are not associated with PAC in a Han Chinese population. Our results also did not support a significant role for these three SNPs

in ocular biometry such as AL, ACD, and DS.”
“Background: Open repair of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) HTS assay is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study reviewed the midterm outcomes of hybrid TAAA repair in high-risk patients at our institution. Methods: The clinical Lazertinib in vivo data of patients undergoing 1-stage hybrid repair of a TAAA between June 2007 and June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. This study represents our experience with 10 patients at a single center who underwent 1-stage visceral hybrid procedures for complex thoracoabdominal

aortic pathologies. There were 9 men and 1 woman with a median age of 65.7 years. The average preoperative European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II score was 34.1%. Results: The technical success rate with completion was 100%. No procedure was abandoned because of any aortic event. The 30-day mortality rate in this study was 10%. Overall major perioperative complication rates were 20%. Major complications included renal impairment

requiring permanent support in 1 patient (10%) and paraplegia in 1 patient (10%). At a median follow-up BI-D1870 in vivo of 20.1 months (range, 0.3-39 months), the overall survival rate was 70%. The primary graft patency rate was 96.8% (32/33). Only 1 renal artery graft was occluded. Conclusions: The midterm results in selected high-risk patients with TAAA undergoing 1-stage hybrid repair were encouraging. When open repair is hazardous and branched stent grafting is not an option, hybrid repair is a viable treatment alternative. However, larger study cohorts and longer durations of follow-up are necessary to provide data on the durability of aortic stent grafts and visceral artery reconstruction.”
“Six years of point count data in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, USA, were used to investigate how the community structure of grassland birds and the densities of four focal species (common yellowthroat, dickcissel, grasshopper sparrow and sedge wren) varied on conservation lands with differing management strategies (i.e., warm- versus cool-season grasses and low- to high-diversity plantings), and between conservation and unmanaged marginal grasslands (e.g., field borders and terraces).

The simulation also indicates that as the gap spacing is raised with a fixed power and frequency, the current density and electron density increase initially, then reach their peak values, and then decrease, which means that there are maximum values for both of them. These results are significant for many industrial applications, as they can be used to optimize plasma devices of DBDs with the consideration of power consumption.”
“Recent linyphiid collections from Laos as well as some additional specimens from Thailand and West Malaysia are examined. Six species and two genera are described as new to science:

Bathyphantes paracymbialis n. sp., Nematogmus asiaticus n. sp., Theoa hamata n. sp.; Asiagone n. gen. is erected

for Asiagone signifera n. sp. (type species) and A. perforata n. sp.; Laogone n. gen. is established for Laogone cephala check details n. sp. The following new synonyms are proposed: Gorbothorax Tanasevitch, 1998 n. syn. = Nasoona https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lxh254.html Locket, 1982; Paranasoona Heimer, 1984 n. syn. and Millplophrys Platnick, 1998 n. syn. = Atypena Simon, 1894; Gorbothorax ungibbus Tanasevitch, 1998 n. syn. = Oedothorax asocialis Wunderlich, 1974; Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895) n. syn. = H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830). The following new combinations are proposed: Atypena cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984) n. comb. ex from Paranasoona; A. pallida (Millidge, 1995) and A. crocatoa (Millidge, 1995) both n. comb. ex Millplophrys; Nasoona asocialis (Wunderlich, 1974) n. comb. ex Oedothorax Bertkau, 1883; N. asocialis (Wunderlich, 1974), N. comata (Tanasevitch, 1998), N. conica (Tanasevitch, 1998), N. setifera (Tanasevitch, 1998) and N. wunderlichi (Brignoli, 1983), all n. comb. ex Gorbothorax. Eight linyphiid species are newly recorded from

Laos: A. cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984), Bathyphantes floralis Tu & Li, 2006, Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830), Nasoona asocialis, N. crucifera (Thorell, 1895), Nasoonaria sinensis Wunderlich & Song, 1995, Neriene birmanica (Thorell, 1887), and N. oxycera Tu & Li, 2006. The linyphiid spider fauna of Laos currently contains 15 species and is unusually highly specific. All species, except the Palearctic H. graminicola, C188-9 inhibitor are probably represented by Southeastern Asian or Oriental autochthons.”
“Although difficult to coordinate, single-leg cycling allows for greater muscle-specific exercise capacity and subsequently greater stimulus for metabolic and vascular adaptations compared to typical double-leg cycling. The purpose of this investigation was to compare metabolic, cardiovascular and perceptual responses of double-leg cycling to single-leg cycling with and without the use of a counterweight. Ten healthy individuals (age 22 +/- A 2 years; body mass 78.0 +/- A 11.2 kg; height 1.8 +/- A 0.

We propose that careful tuning of Set1 levels by regulated degradation is critical for the establishment and maintenance of proper H3K4 methylation patterns.”
“Background: Type 1 diabetes (DB) is a multifactorial

metabolic disorder characterized by loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells, and metabolic and functional deficits in a number of cells, including kidney cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling molecule that is up-regulated in cells affected by diabetes-linked disorders. However, whether DB alters the expression of NGF in the kidney is not known.\n\nMethods: DB was induced in adult male rats with a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and NGF protein levels were analyzed

in a time-course study in serum and kidney. The expression of NGF receptors in the kidneys Salubrinal datasheet of healthy and DB rats was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. NGF levels as well as apoptotic features in the kidneys of healthy rats injected with purified NGF were also assessed.\n\nResults: This study revealed that DB elevates NGF levels in serum and NGF expression in the kidney and that subcutaneous administration of NGF causes a marked uptake of NGF in kidney cells. The elevated presence of NGF in kidney cells is not associated with proapoptotic factor expression.\n\nConclusions: The present data suggest that NGF presence in the kidney might play a survival, and most probably protective, role in kidney cells.”
“HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) signaling pathway persist despite great advancements in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The gold standard for diagnosing cognitive impairment consists of a time-consuming neuropsychological battery of tests given by a trained neuropsychologist, however in the outpatient HIV clinic this is not feasible. The International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was developed to help identify individuals with cognitive impairment in the outpatient setting. The IHDS is moderately sensitive for detecting more symptomatic forms of HAND but sensitivity has been shown to be poor in mild

impairment. The IHDS has not been evaluated in developed countries in large cohort populations. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of only HIV+ individuals in an urban selleck chemical clinic and evaluated the prevalence of HAND and associated risk factors for cognitive impairment using the IHDS. A total of 507 HIV+ individuals participated in the study of which the majority were male (65 %) and African American (68 %); and 41 % had cognitive impairment. On multivariate analysis, African American race (p = 2.21), older age (p = 1.03), high school education or less (p = 2.03) and depression (p = 1.05) were associated with cognitive impairment. The high prevalence of HAND in this group suggests that more severe forms of HAND persist despite cART.

“
“In March 2010, China launched a pilot programme of deceased donor organ donation in 10 provinces and cities. However, the deceased donor donation rate in China remains significantly lower than in Spain and

other Western countries. PKC412 price In order to provide incentive for deceased donor organ donation, five pilot provinces and cities have subsequently launched a financial compensation policy. Financial compensation can be considered to include two main forms, the ‘thank you’ form and the ‘help’ form. The ‘thank you’ form is an expression of gratitude on behalf of the Red Cross Society of China for consenting to donation. The ‘help’ form is social welfare support for needy families.”
“A novel colorimetric pH indicator based on a pyrenespiropyran (SP) conjugate (1) was designed and synthesised. The acidic-sensing property of 1 was investigated by UVvis absorption spectra, which showed a low pH-dependent (2.05.5) reversible equilibrium between colourless SP form (1) and brown-yellow merocynine form (2). This switch process can be observed by naked eye and was also determined by fluorescence spectra and 1H NMR spectra. A rational explanation for the spectroscopic changes of 1 was given by the computational studies.”
“Imaging has a central role in the diagnosis and

classification of acute AR-13324 stroke, the triage of patients to different treatment approaches and the prediction of the clinical outcome and the risk of hemorrhagic complications. A multimodal imaging protocol that includes a perfusion study allows diagnostics beyond anatomical findings by enabling SB273005 the characterization of the ischemic brain tissue and the cerebral hemodynamic state. This information potentially leads to more accurate clinical decision making with the intention to select the right patients for different revascularization therapies regardless of fixed time windows. Perfusion imaging enables the detection

and quantification of the irreversibly damaged infarct core and the at-risk penumbra. Parameters derived from perfusion studies can serve as surrogate markers for stroke severity and are independent predictors of the clinical outcome and the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications. The validation and standardization of the perfusion methodology is still ongoing. Currently there is emerging but no high level evidence that perfusion imaging improves the clinical outcome or has a direct impact on the decision to treat the patient with intravenous thrombolytic therapy or intra-arterial interventions. Thus, definite guidelines on the role of the perfusion imaging in the context of acute stroke cannot yet be given.”
“Cheng and colleagues (Cheng, 1988, 1989, 1990; Cheng and Sherry, 1992; Spetch et al., 1992) have shown that birds use vector information from landmarks to return to hidden goal locations.

\n\nFor each decade of life, odds increase strikingly that

smoking decreases %FEV(1)/FEV(6) and %FEV(1)/FVC. At least for these three ethnicities, Delta lung age can be easily calculated as the product of (predicted-actual) %FEV(1)/FEV(6) MX69 purchase x 4 or (predicted-actual) %FEV(1)/FVC x 3. Through the sixth decade of life, smokers’ Delta lung age increase rapidly but little thereafter, presumably due to the inabilities of older smokers to participate in the survey or their deaths.\n\nUsing odds and Delta lung ages rather than traditional 95%confidence limits might better persuade smokers to quit.”
“High-fidelity chromosome segregation during mitosis requires kinetochores, protein complexes that assemble on centromeric DNA and mediate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules. In budding yeast, phosphoinositide-specific Pevonedistat inhibitor phospholipase C (Plc1p encoded by PLC1 gene) is important for function of kinetochores. Deletion of PLC1 results in alterations in chromatin structure of centromeres, reduced binding of microtubules to minichromosomes, and a higher frequency of chromosome loss. The mechanism of Plc1p’s involvement in kinetochore activity was not initially obvious; however, a testable hypothesis emerged with the discovery of the role of inositol polyphosphates (InsPs), produced by a Plc1p-dependent pathway, in the regulation

of chromatin-remodeling complexes. In addition, the remodels structure of chromatin (RSC) chromatin-remodeling complex was found to associate with kinetochores and to affect centromeric chromatin structure. We report here that Plc1p and InsPs are required for recruitment of the RSC complex to kinetochores, which is important for establishing proper chromatin structure of centromeres and centromere proximal regions. Mutations in PLC1 and components of the RSC complex exhibit strong genetic interactions and display synthetic growth defect, altered nuclear morphology, and higher frequency of minichromosome loss. The results thus provide a mechanistic explanation for the previously

elusive CCI-779 manufacturer role of Plc1p and InsPs in kinetochore function.”
“Rab3A is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein found throughout the nervous system, but its precise function is unknown. Genetic knock-out studies show that Rab3A is not necessary for vesicular release or replenishment at conventional synapses in the brain. Here we explore the function of Rab3A at ribbon synapses in the retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Fluorescently labeled Rab3A, delivered into rods and cones through a patch pipette, binds to and dissociates from synaptic ribbons. Experiments using nonphosphorylatable GDP analogs and a GTPase-deficient Rab3A mutant indicate that ribbon binding and dissociation are governed by a GTP hydrolysis cycle.

The identification of clinical measurements

influential to the treatment outcomes is critical to optimize the results of surgical periodontal therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical response of mandibular buccal Class 11 furcation lesions to a combined regenerative treatment modality.\n\nMethods: Sixty patients were divided into two (n = 30) treatment groups. An experimental combined regenerative therapy (ET) was compared to open flap debridement (OFD). The ET was a combination of a composite graft consisting of bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite and tetracycline (3:1), a guided tissue regeneration barrier, and a coronally advanced flap. The clinical variables evaluated were plaque, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, PD, vertical attachment level (VAL), horizontal attachment level (HAL), furcation vertical height,

furcation selleck chemicals horizontal depth, and the amount of tissue under the barrier membrane at uncovering. Reevaluation was performed 12 months after the surgical procedure.\n\nResults: Both treatments resulted in improvements in all selleck clinical variables evaluated. Postoperative measurements revealed a reduction in PD of 3.65 +/- 0.6 mm and 0.60 +/- 1.0 mm; VAL gains of 3.05 +/- 0.6 mm and 0.65 +/- 0.6 mm and HAL gains of 3.45 +/- 1.3 mm and 0.55 +/- 0.7 mm in the ET and OFD groups, respectively. In the ET group, significant positive correlations were found between baseline PD and PD reduction at 12 months, and the initial VAL correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL gain.

see more The horizontal furcation depth and amount of tissue formed under the membrane at uncovering correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL and VAL gains. For the OFD group, the initial PD correlated positively with PD reduction and VAL and HAL gains and correlated negatively with recession. Initial VAL correlated positively with PD reductions and VAL and HAL gains. The initial HAL correlated negatively with recession at 12 months.\n\nConclusions: ET exhibited significantly better clinical results, with more PD reduction, HAL and VAL gains, and a higher frequency of furcation closure compared to OFD and showed promise as a regenerative treatment technique. The ability to predict a response to treatment based upon pretreatment parameters was not consistent between groups; thus, prediction of treatment outcomes based on pretreatment measurements should be carefully evaluated for each treatment modality. J Periodontol 2009;80: 1756-1764.”
“The predominant motor symptom in Huntington’s disease (HD) is chorea. The patho-anatomical basis for the chorea is not well known, but a link with the dopaminergic system has been suggested by post-mortem and clinical studies. Our previous work revealed an increased number of dopamine-containing cells in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in a transgenic rat model of HD (tgHD).

The number corticotropin-releasing hormone, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive (ir) neurons did not differ between HD patients and control subjects. However, the significant positive correlation between arginine vasopressin and oxytocin ir neurons in control subjects (P = 0.036) was absent in patients. Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels were 68% higher in HD patients (P = 0.046). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels did not differ between HD patients and control subjects, although a negative correlation AZD6738 clinical trial with disease duration was present in the former (P = 0.036). These findings indicate

that the PVN is largely unaffected Raf activation in HD patients. However, our findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity may alter during the course of the disease and that autonomic nervous system dysfunction might partly arise from an imbalance between arginine vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the PVN.”
“Iron overload has been implicated in decreased bone mineral density. However, the effect of iron overload on osteoblast lineage cells remains

poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine osteoblast differentiation, function, and apoptosis in iron-loaded cells from fetal rat calvaria. Cells were incubated with media supplemented with 0-10 mu M ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4)) during differentiation (days 6-20). Intracellular iron status was assessed by measuring iron content in cell layers and changes in transferrin receptor (TrfR) and ferritin gene and protein expression. Osteoblast differentiation and function were evaluated by measuring osteoblast phenotypic gene markers and capacity of cultures to form mineralized bone nodules. Apoptotic hallmarks were evaluated by microscopy. A 2.3-fold increase in media iron concentration resulted in saturable accumulation of iron in the

cell layer 20-fold higher than control (p<0.05) by mid-differentiation (day HDAC inhibitor drugs 15, D15). Iron accumulation resulted in rapid and sustained down-regulation of TrfR gene and protein levels (within 24 h) and up-regulation of light and heavy chain ferritin protein levels at late differentiation (day 20, D20). Concurrently, osteoblast phenotype gene markers were suppressed by D15 and a decreased number of mineralized nodules at D20 were observed. Apoptotic events were observed within 24 h of iron loading. These results provide evidence that iron overload alters iron metabolism and suppresses differentiation and function of cells in the osteoblast lineage associated with increased apoptosis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Metallothionein (MT) plays a role in fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation.

Studies demonstrate complex

functions of activated microglia that can lead to either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, depending on the form and the timing of activation. Combined with genetic and environmental factors, overactivation and dysregulation of microglia cause progressive neurotoxic consequences which involve a vicious cycle of neuron injury and unregulated neuroinflammation. Thus, modulation of microglial activation appears to be a promising new therapeutic target. While current therapies do attempt to block activation of microglia, they indiscriminately Batimastat inhibit inflammation thus also curbing beneficial effects of inflammation and delaying recovery. Multiple signaling cascades, often cross-talking, are involved in every step of microglial activation. One of the H 89 cost key challenges is to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling cytokine expression and phagocytic activity, as well as cell-specific consequences of dysregulated cytokine expression. Further, a better understanding of how the integration of multiple cytokine signals influences the function or activity of individual microglia remains an important research objective to identify potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention to promote repair.”
“The immunogenicity and safety of three novel host-range vaccines

containing deletions in the transmembrane domain of dengue virus serotype 2 (DV2) E glycoprotein were evaluated in African green monkeys. The shorter transmembrane

domains are capable AC220 order of functionally spanning an insect but not a mammalian cell membrane, resulting in production of viral mutants that have reduced infectivity in mammalian hosts but efficient growth in insect cells. Groups of four monkeys received one dose each of test vaccine candidate with no booster immunization. After immunization, levels of viremia produced by each vaccine were determined by infectious center assay. Vaccine recipient immune response to wild-type DV2 challenge was measured on Day 57 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test. Two vaccines, DV2 Delta GVII and DV2G46013, generated neutralizing antibody in the range of 700-900 50% plaque reduction neutralization test units. All three vaccine strains decreased the length of viremia by at least two days. No safety concerns were identified.”
“Background: We have shown in a randomized controlled trial that vitamin D increases bone mass, lean mass and bone area in adolescent girls, but not boys. These increments may translate into improvements in bone geometry and therefore bone strength. This study investigated the impact of vitamin D on hip geometric dimensions from DXA-derived hip structural analyses in adolescents who participated in the trial.\n\nMethods: 167 girls (mean age 13.1 years) and 171 boys (mean age 12.