“
“Tumor necrosis factor a antagonist therapies represent an increased risk of reactivation of tuberculosis. We report two cases of life-threatening disseminated tuberculosis in patients undergoing treatment with infliximab for Crohn’s disease including one case of a patient with cerebral tuberculomas.\n\nWe discuss the implication of tumor

necrosis factor a in the genesis of tuberculosis infection and the features of tuberculosis under infliximab.\n\nTuberculosis screening and eventually preventive chemotherapy should become the standard of care for individual undergoing tumor necrosis factor a antagonist therapies. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Crohn’s and Selleckchem 5-Fluoracil Colitis Organisation.”
“There is an urgent need to develop biomimetic bone

tissue engineering AZD9291 scaffolds for the repair of criticalsized calvarial defect. In this study, we developed a new nanoparticle-embedded electrospun nanofiber scaffold for the controlled dual delivery of BMP-2 and dexamethasone (DEX). The scaffold was achieved by (1) the encapsulation of BMP-2 into bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles to maintain the bioactivity of BMP-2 and (2) the co-electrospinning of the blending solution composed of the BSA nanoparticles, DEX and the poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCE) copolymer. The in vitro studies showed that the bioactivity of find more DEX and BMP-2 was preserved in the dual-drug-loaded nanofiber scaffold, and a sequential release pattern in which most of the DEX was released in the original eight days and the BMP-2 release lasted up to 35 days was achieved. The in vitro osteogenesis study demonstrated that the drug-loaded groups exhibited a strong ability to induce differentiation toward osteoblasts. In vivo osteogenesis studies also revealed that the degrees of repair of rat calvarial defect achieved with the drug-loaded nanofiber scaffolds were significantly better than those obtained with the blank materials; in

particular, the dual-drug-loaded nanofiber scaffold manifested the best repair efficacy due to a synergistic effect of BMP-2 and DEX. Therefore, the dual-drug-loaded nanofiber scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in bone tissue engineering. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aim: To study the relations between postnatal maternal morbidity, child morbidity and welfare interventions in families with prenatal alcohol or substance abuse. Methods: A register-based longitudinal retrospective cohort study. The exposed cohort included 638 children born to 524 women followed-up during pregnancy for alcohol or substance abuse 19922001. Non-exposed children (n = 1914) born to control women were matched for maternal age, parity, number of foetuses, month of birth and delivery hospital of the index child.