7months (95%CI 34.1-62.3) and 39%, respectively. The most common first regimen for treatment after relapse was lenalidomide or thalidomide. In conclusion, our study indicates that patients with AL amyloidosis fare well post-transplant relapse/progression. Additionally, it provides a yardstick to design clinical trials to determine best treatment options.”
“Some signals vary

greatly, whereas others are remarkably similar across distantly related species. Here, we ask how the suite of receivers and information communicated correlates with signal evolution by comparing 2 different signals across the same set of species. Within the Old World leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae), each species utters 2 acoustically distinct alarm calls. The first, termed a “general” call, is used in interactions with conspecifics as a well as during confrontations with predators and nest-parasitic

cuckoos. Raf inhibitor The second, termed a “rasp” call, is primarily used in the presence of nest-parasitic cuckoos. The rasp call precedes aggressive attacks on cuckoos and attracts surrounding heterospecifics that are also potential hosts. The general call attracts a wide selleck chemicals llc range of species threatened by predators, including those that are not cuckoo hosts. Acoustic features of general calls evolve bigger than 5x faster than rasp calls. We argue that rasp calls show strong stasis because they have a restricted function as aggressive antiparasite signals, whereas multiple contexts and receivers have promoted divergence in general

calls. These results support the idea that variation in the suite of receivers is a powerful force affecting signal evolution.”
“The aims were to evaluate the cognitive performance and clinical diagnosis in patients (<75 years) seeking help for subjective Selleck Nutlin-3 memory complaints, to determine the prevalence of certain psychiatric symptoms and to conduct follow-up examinations. At baseline 41% showed normal cognitive performance ( subjective memory impairment; SMI), 37% fulfilled criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22% were classified as dementia. There were significant associations between the three groups and experiences of psychosocial stress and feelings of anxiety. The proportion of psychosocial stress was significantly higher in SMI vs. MCI and SMI vs. dementia. Feelings of anxiety were significantly higher in SMI vs. MCI. At the 3-year follow-up, 88% of the SMI patients remained stable SMI and 60% of the MCI patients remained stable. There was a significant reduction of psychosocial stress and moderate reduction of feelings of anxiety among the SMI patients. The findings indicate that the risk of patients with SMI developing dementia is small within a 3-year span.