However, the mechanism by which epithelial cells in the ciliary body form these fibers in not fully understood. We examined human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells to determine the appearance and amount of oxytalan fibers in terms of positivity for their selleck chemicals major components, fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2. Examination of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 expression by immunofluorescence revealed that thin fibers positive for fibrillin-1 on Day 2 changed to thick fibers by Day 8. The fibers positive for fibrillin-2 appeared on the thick fibrillin-1-positive fibers after Day 4. Northern blot analysis revealed that the level of fibrillin-1 did not

change markedly, while induction of fibrillin-2 gene was evident on Day 5. Western blot analysis showed that fibrillin-1 deposition increased gradually, while that of fibrillin-2

increased markedly from Day 5 to Day 8. Fibrillin-1 suppression did not lead to the formation of fibrillin-2-positive thick fibers, whereas fibrillin-2 suppression led to the formation of fibrillin-1-positive thin fibers, but not thick fibers. These results suggest that both fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 are essential for the formation of thick oxytalan fibers in the ciliary zonule and are informative for clarifying the mechanism of homeostasis of the ocular matrix.”
“Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) SCH727965 in vivo are a heterogeneous group of cells that play a critical role in tumor associated immune suppression. In an attempt to identify a specific subset of MDSC primarily responsible for immunosuppressive features of these cells, 10 different tumor models were investigated. All models showed variable but significant increase in the population of MDSC. Variability of MDSC expansion in vivo matched closely the effect of tumor cell condition medium in vitro. MDSC consists of two major

subsets of Ly6G(+)Ly6C(low) granulocytic and Ly6G(-)Ly6C(high) monocytic cells. Granulocytic MDSC have increased level of reactive oxygen species and undetectable level of NO whereas monocytic MDSC had increased level of NO but undetectable levels of reactive oxygen species. However, their suppressive activity per cell basis was LY411575 manufacturer comparable. Almost all tumor models demonstrated a preferential expansion of granulocytic subset of MDSC. We performed a phenotypical and functional analysis of several surface molecules previously suggested to be involved in MDSC-mediated suppression of T cells: CD115, C13124, CD80, PD-L1, and PD-L2. Although substantial proportion of MDSC expressed those molecules no differences in the level of their expression or the proportion, positive cells were found between MDSC and cells from tumor-free mice that lack immune suppressive activity. The level of MDSC-mediated T cell suppression did not depend on the expression of these molecules.

8 pM.”
“An efficient catalytic system for the ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in water at room temperature is disclosed, promoted by Stilbazo (stilbene-4,4′-bis[(1-azo)-3,4-dihydroxybenzene]-2,2′-disulfonic acid diammonium salt). The desired carbon-carbon

bond formation proceeded well under mild conditions with high efficiency and good functional group tolerance.”
“Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with oesophageal atresia type III (EA), focusing on the presence of late sequelae and quality of life.\n\nMethods This was a retrospective case ascertainment followed by clinical assessment of patients. The study parameters included the patients’ demographic characteristics, associated abnormalities, presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and digestive or respiratory symptoms, results selleck kinase inhibitor of a clinical examination to evaluate nutritional status, spirometry results and quality of life assessed using the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire.\n\nResults Of 81 patients with EA type III treated in our institution over a 10-year period, 57 (mean age 13.3 (SE 2.8) years) participated in the study. 39% of the patients underwent fundoplication and 46% presented with anastomotic stenosis requiring dilation. 75% of patients

had normal nutritional status (16% were obese, 9% were undernourished). PARP cancer Only 19% of participants had no digestive symptoms; 61% had dysphagia and 35% had

symptoms of GERD at the last follow-up. The main respiratory symptoms were chronic cough (19%) and dyspnoea on exertion (37%). Only 37% of patients had no respiratory symptoms. Spirometry showed that 50% of patients had proximal obstruction and/or pulmonary distension, and 11% had restriction syndrome. Their quality of life was good but was lower than in healthy controls (80 vs 84, p<0.05) and lower in patients born prematurely, with symptoms of GERD and with a barky cough.\n\nConclusion The high frequency of late sequelae in EA type III justifies selleck chemicals llc regular and multidisciplinary follow-up through to adulthood.”
“Despite the importance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in animal development and malignant transformation, surprisingly little is known about the regulation of its expression. Here, we report a novel zinc finger and G-patch domain-containing protein, ZIP. We demonstrated that ZIP acts as a transcription repressor through the recruitment of the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex. Transcriptional target analysis revealed that ZIP regulates several cellular signalling pathways including EGFR pathways that are critically involved in cell proliferation, survival, and migration. We showed that ZIP inhibits cell proliferation and suppresses breast carcinogenesis, and that ZIP depletion leads to a drastic tumour growth in vivo.

29 +/- 4.97 vs. 7.06 +/- 2.17 ng mu L(-1) in the low BMD group (P = 0.012). C-telopeptide levels in the normal group were 1.06 +/- 1.4 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.3 ng mL(-1) in the low BMD group (P = 0.169). Our results showed that low osteocalcin levels predominated in the group with low BMD, which indicates a diminished osteoblastic bone formation activity while there

were no differences with regard to bone resorption markers. Moreover, osteocalcin levels explain 10% of the variation of lumbar spine Z-score.”
“Objective: To study patients’ satisfaction in rehabilitation services and its relation selleck to staff job satisfaction in public, private and teaching hospitals in Jeddah. Method: A cross sectional survey was used to measure patients’ satisfaction with rehabilitation services in ten different hospitals in Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). A validated Monnin and Perneger’s questionnaire with a 5-points Likert scale was utilized. At the same time, staff job satisfaction was measured by the Effort-Reward Imbalance model in the same health care facilities. Results: On 725 patients

who responded to the survey, 80.6% were overall satisfied with the rehabilitation services they received. Patient satisfaction was significantly different (p=0.001) between hospital types. In average, 88.5% of the patients of HM781-36B molecular weight the teaching hospitals were satisfied with the rehabilitation services, compared

to find more 77% of the patients in the public hospitals and 75.7% of the patients in the private hospitals. Moreover there was no statistically significant correlation between staff job satisfaction and patients’ satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients’ satisfaction with rehabilitation services was the highest in the teaching hospitals in comparison with the other types of health care facilities. Patients’ satisfaction was however not significantly correlated with the staff job satisfaction. [Isabelle CN Devreux, Agnes Jacquerye, France Kittel, Enas Elsayed and Bahjat Al-Awa Benchmarking of patient satisfaction with physical rehabilitation services in various hospitals of Jeddah] Life Science Journal 2012; 9(3):73-78]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11″
“delta opioid peptide (DOP) receptors are considered a therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease, although the use of DOP agonists may be limited by side effects, including convulsions. To circumvent this issue, we evaluated whether blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) tone potentiated the antiparkinsonian effects of DOP agonists, thus allowing for reduction of their dosage.

Tgf beta is required for Arf promoter activation in developing mouse eyes, and its capacity to induce Arf depends on Smads 2/3 as well as p38 Mapk. Substantial delay between activation of these pathways and increased Arf transcription imply that changes in the binding of additional transcription factors help orchestrate changes in Arf expression. Focusing on proteins with putative DNA binding elements Acalabrutinib purchase near the mouse Arf transcription start, we now

show that Tgf beta induction of this gene correlated with decreased expression and DNA binding of C/ebp beta to the proximal Arf promoter. Ectopic expression of C/ebp beta in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) blocked Arf induction by Tgf beta. Although basal levels of Arf mRNA were increased by C/ebp beta loss in MEFs and in the developing eye, Tgf beta was still able to increase Arf, indicating that derepression

was not the sole factor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed increased Sp1 binding to the Arf promotor at 24 and 48 hours after Tgf beta treatment, at which time points Arf expression was significantly induced by Tgf beta. Chemical inhibition of Sp1 and its knockdown by RNA interference blocked Arf induction by Tgf beta in MEFs. In summary, our results indicate that C/ebp beta and Sp1 are negative and positive Arf regulators that are influenced by Tgf beta.”
“The aetiology, differential diagnosis and management strategies of the foetal spleen affected with a cystic lesion are discussed. In buy ABT-263 the current literature, buy MLN4924 there are very few reports that relate to antenatally diagnosed splenic cyst. Our study presents 3 case reports that were first suspected due to anisoechogenic structures detected during routine ultrasonographic examination at the 27th, 31st and 34th weeks of gestation. All 3 cases were further characterized by the lack of pathological power Doppler findings inside and around the lesions, and were morphologically refined by prenatal 3D ultrasound imaging. All findings were reconfirmed postnatally.

No complications such as cyst expansion, subcapsular bleeding or acute abdomen have developed, and all 3 cystic lesions have regressed spontaneously after birth. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Glenoid component loosening is a common complication of total shoulder arthroplasty and has been associated with the progression of radiolucent lines at the glenoid bone-cement interface. Generation of heat during the exothermic reaction of cement curing may cause osteonecrosis of bone, potentially leading to the development of radiolucent lines. The purpose of this study was to measure the heat generated with various defined amounts of cement used for glenoid component fixation.\n\nTen fresh-frozen cadaver scapulas were randomized to receive a keeled or pegged component with 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 g of cement for fixation.

However, lymph flow via the thoracic duct into systemic veins is opposed by elevations in central Venous pressure. Various management strategies have the potential to prevent and/or correct SVHT. The case of a 54-year-old man with a dilated cardiomyopathy who presented with decompensated biventricular failure, expressed as anasarca and ascites, is used to illustrate the importance of SVHT.”
“The effect of position isomerism on the co-crystals formation and physicochemical properties was evaluated. Piracetam selleckchem was used

as the model compound. Six position isomers, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), were used as the co-crystal formers. Co-crystals were prepared on a 1: 1 molar ratio by crystallization from acetonitrile. The solid-state properties of co-crystals were characterized using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform PARP inhibitor infrared (FTIR). All co-crystal formers formed co-crystal with piracetam except 2,6-DHBA. This failure was possibly due to steric hindrance of two bulk hydroxyl groups and preference of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding formation between hydroxyl group and carboxylic acid group. The XRD patterns of resulting co-crystal

indicated that they are highly crystalline and different than parental compounds. Based on the single crystal data, P_23DHBA is orthorhombic while P_24DHBA, P_34DHBA, and P_35DHB belong to monoclinhe system. The hydrogen bonding network patterns of the co-crystals are also different. DSC data showed that the melting temperatures of resulting co-crystals are all lower than that of the starting materials. The melting point rank order of the co-crystals is: P_24DHBA > P_34DHBA MK-2206 > P_23DBBA > P_25DHBA > P_35DHBA. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:246-254, 2010″
“Cyclic-di-GMP and cyclic-di-AMP are second messengers produced by bacteria and influence

bacterial cell survival, differentiation, colonization, biofilm formation, virulence, and bacteria-host interactions. In this study, we show that in both RAW264.7 macrophage cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, the production of IFN-beta and IL-6, but not TNF, in response to cyclic-di-AMP and cyclic-di-GMP requires MPYS (also known as STING, MITA, and TMEM173). Furthermore, expression of MPYS was required for IFN response factor 3 but not NF-kappa B activation in response to these bacterial metabolites. We also confirm that MPYS is required for type I IFN production by cultured macrophages infected with the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Francisella tularensis.

Conversely, actin-mediated recycling of Cdc42 induces robust symmetry breaking but cannot restrict polarization to a single site. Our results demonstrate how cells optimize symmetry breaking through coupling between multiple feedback loops.”
“We conducted the first synchronously coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model simulation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Bolling-Allerod (BA) warming. Our model reproduces several major features of the deglacial climate evolution, suggesting a good agreement in climate sensitivity between the model and observations. In particular, our model simulates the abrupt BA warming as a transient response

of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to a sudden termination

of freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic before the BA. In contrast to previous mechanisms that invoke AMOC multiple equilibrium and Southern Hemisphere climate VX-770 molecular weight forcing, we propose that the BA transition is caused by the superposition of climatic responses to the transient CO(2) forcing, the AMOC recovery from Heinrich Event 1, and an AMOC overshoot.”
“This study aimed to examine the incremental value of growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) to N-terminal pro brain natriuretic hormone (NT-proBNP) levels for the diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and possible heart failure (HF) in morbidly obese patients.\n\nWe analysed data from 207 obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) 41 8 kg/m(2)] with normal ejection fraction, LVDD, and symptoms and/or signs of HF (referred to as oLVDD with possible HF’, n 88) and with normal left LY2606368 datasheet ventricular function (n 119) before

participating in a medical weight loss programme, in addition to the study of healthy lean subjects (n 51). Median NT-proBNP (interquartile range) for obese subjects with oLVDD and possibe HF’ and with normal LV function was 52 (2996) and 42 (2566) pg/mL, respectively (P 0.12). There was no correlation of NT-proBNP with parameters of left ventricular filling pressure, i.e. E/E (r(2) 0.002, P 0.63) or E velocity (r(2) 0.02, P 0.24). In contrast, GDF-15 was 665 (496926) with oLVDD and possible HF’ and 451 (392 679) pg/mL without (P 0.0001). GDF-15 was significantly correlated to E/E, E velocity, E/A ratio, selleck inhibitor isovolumetric relaxation time, duration of reversed pulmonary vein atrial systolic flow, and left atrial size. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve that defines LVDD with possible HF was 0.56 for NT-proBNP and 0.74 for GDF-15 (P 0.0001). The addition of GDF-15 to a multivariate predicition model increased the net reclassification improvement (NRI) by 9 (P 0.022).\n\nIn morbidly obese individuals, GDF-15 levels seem to better correlate with diastolic dysfunction than NT-proBNP levels. GDF-15 significantly improves reclassification for the diagnosis of oLVDD with possible HF’ and, thus, adds incremental value to NT-proBNP.

Methods: A total of 438 patients were enrolled. Baseline clinicopathologic parameters, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score, TNM (6th edition) stage, Okuda stage, and Chinese University Prognostic Index score were prospectively obtained for all patients, and retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine overall survival (OS), Cox regression analyses were performed, and Harrell’s Correspondence Index compared the staging systems’ ability to predict OS duration.

Subgroup analyses of patients with or without hepatitis or cirrhosis were performed. Results: Median patient OS was 13.9 months; 165 patients (37.7%) had no cirrhosis and 256 patients (58.4%) had no hepatitis. Overall, all staging systems were Apoptosis inhibitor significantly less predictive of OS in patients who did not have cirrhosis or hepatitis. Conclusion: Our results advocate the need to further stratify HCC based on cirrhosis and hepatitis status, which may change patient risk-stratification and, ultimately, treatment decisions. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: To identify

which factors best explain non-adherence to home rehabilitation exercises (HRE) for patients with musculoskeletal injuries. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants (n=87) aged 17-91 years completed questionnaires measuring demographic and injury-related information, self-efficacy, personality, health 4EGI-1 inhibitor locus of control, patient-practitioner relationship,

optimism, health value and adherence to HRE. In addition, each participant’s attending physiotherapist assessed the participant’s adherence and effort during the Torin 2 appointment. Results: A hierarchical regression with 3 steps (step 1: disposition; step 2: cognitive factors; step 3: patient-practitioner relationship) and adherence to HRE as the dependent variable was conducted.. The factors in step 3 were the most significant and explained 16% (p smaller than 0.001) of the variance in adherence to HRE. In addition, a high score for patient neuroticism was found to correlate with poor adherence to HRE. Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that the patient-practitioner relationship is the best predictor of adherence to HRE, and that improving patient perception of the clinician’s productivity, communication of information and trust during consultations may improve adherence to HRE.”
“The Caribbean region presents the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS worldwide after sub-Saharan Africa; leading to serious social, economic and health consequences at the local scale but also at the regional and global levels. In Colombia, a national plan to tackle the epidemic was formulated with little evidence that its implementation in the local context is effective.

Results. – At day 15, all participants (20/20) described their overall impression of the Easypod(TM)

device as “good” or “very good”. All participants rated the display of the remaining drug in the cartridge, the preprogrammed dosing, the onscreen instructions and the automatic-needle attachment as “useful” or “very useful”. The device’s audible/visible signals and customisable injection depth and speed were each rated as “useful” or “very useful” by 19/20 participants and the skin sensor, customisable needle-insertion PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drugs speed and dose-injection confirmation were each rated as such by 18/20 participants. Electronic display of the date and time of the last injection and the dose history were considered “useful” or “very useful” by 17/20 and 15/20 participants, respectively. At day 60, 17/17 respondents expressed a preference for continuing to use the device.\n\nConclusion. – These results show that the features of Easypod(TM) are considered useful in routine practice and the majority

of participants expressed a desire to continue using the device. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Cellular organelles need to communicate in order to co-ordinate homoeostasis of the compartmentalized eukaryotic cell. Such communication involves the formation of membrane contact sites between learn more adjacent organelles, allowing

privileged exchange of metabolites and information. Using a synthetic protein designed to artificially tether the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) to mitochondria, we have discovered a yeast protein complex naturally involved in establishing and maintaining contact sites between these two organelles. This protein complex is physiologically involved in a plethora of mitochondrial processes, suggesting that ER-mitochondria connections play a central co-ordinating role in the regulation of mitochondrial biology. Recent biochemical characterization of this protein complex led to the discovery that GTPases of the Miro family are part of ER-mitochondria Selleckchem HM781-36B connections. The yeast Miro GTPase Gem1 localizes to ER-mitochondria interface and influences the size and distribution of mitochondria. Thus Miro GTPases may serve as regulators of the ER-mitochondria connection.”
“Spinal anesthesia is sufficient to provide adequate motor blockage and also provides effective pain relief during the initial post-operatives period. In order to maximize post-operative analgesia, a number of adjutants have been added to local spinal anesthetics. The objective of this study is to compare the beneficial and side effects of intrathecal midazolam and ketamine in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.

Although traditionally reserved to render inoperable disease operable, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly being used to improve the chance for breast-conserving surgery, to gain information on pathologic response rates for a more rapid assessment of new chemotherapy-biologic regimens, and also to study in vivo tumour sensitivity or resistance

to the agent being used. Similarly, use of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment was also traditionally restricted to elderly or frail patients who were felt to be unsuitable for chemotherapy. It is therefore not surprising selleck products that, given the increasing realization of the pivotal role of endocrine therapy in patient care, there is enhanced interest in neoadjuvant endocrine therapy not only as a less-toxic alternative to chemotherapy, but also to assess tumour sensitivity or resistance to endocrine agents. The availability of newer endocrine manipulations and increasing evidence that the benefits of chemotherapy are frequently marginal in many hormone-positive patients is making endocrine

therapy increasingly important in the clinical setting. The hope is that, one day, instead of preoperative endocrine therapy being restricted to the infirm and the elderly, it will be used in the time between biopsy diagnosis and surgery to predict which patients will or will not benefit from chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting.”
“Whether cytokines can influence selleckchem the adaptive immune response by antigen-specific

gamma delta https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-145-ink1197.html T cells during infections or vaccinations remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that, during BCG/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, Th17-related cytokines markedly upregulated when phosphoantigen-specific V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells expanded. In this study, we examined the involvement of Th17-related cytokines in the recall-like responses of V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells following Mtb infection or vaccination against TB. Treatment with IL-17A/IL-17F or IL-22 expanded phosphoantigen 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP)-stimulated V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells from BCG-vaccinated macaques but not from naive animals, and IL-23 induced greater expansion than the other Th17-related cytokines. Consistently, Mtb infection of macaques also enhanced the ability of IL-17/IL-22 or IL-23 to expand HMBPP-stimulated V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells. When evaluating IL-23 signaling as a prototype, we found that HMBPP/IL-23-expanded V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells from macaques infected with Mtb or vaccinated with BCG or Listeria-actA prfA*-ESAT6/Ag85B produced IL-17, IL-22, IL-2, and IFN-gamma. Interestingly, HMBPP/IL-23-induced production of IFN-gamma in turn facilitated IL-23-induced expansion of HMBPP-activated V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells.

In our previous work, we screened a single-chain antibody (scFv) N14, which could specifically recognize human HepG2 HCC cells but not human non-cancerous liver LO2 cells. However, the antigen it recognized in the cells remained unknown.\n\nMethods: Recombinant scFv N14 antibody was expressed as an active antibody. Using this antibody with a combination of immunological and proteomic approaches, we identified the antigen of scFv N14 antibody

as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1). The expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in HCC cells was then investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.\n\nResults: We found that the up-regulation of hnRNP A2/B1 was measured at both transcriptional and translational levels in rat HCC cells but not in rat hepatic cells. We also found that in various human hepatic tissues, hnRNP A2/B1 was highly expressed in both human hepatitis virus positive liver tissues and human Selleck AZD8931 HCC tissues but not in normal liver tissues. Interestingly, we observed that the localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in HCC cells was altered during the development of HCC. In human hepatitis virus infected tissues hnRNP A2/B1 resides exclusively in the nuclei of hepatocytes. However, when the HCC progressed from a well differentiated to a poorly differentiated stage, hnRNP A2/B1 was increasingly localized in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the

HCC tissues with hnRNP A2/B1 highly expressed in the nucleus decreased.\n\nConclusions: This work

is the first to show that hnRNP A2/B1 is the antigen specifically recognized by the MK-0518 scFv N14 antibody in HCC cells. The over-expression of hnRNP A2/B1 was confirmed in cultured human and rat HCC cell lines, human virus related hepatitis liver tissues and human HCC tissues. The increased localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in the cytoplasm of HCC cells was revealed during the dedifferentiation HM781-36B price of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we suggest that the increased expression and cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A2/B1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to assess the risk of human liver cancer.”
“The World Health Organization classifies primary sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNACs) into salivary and nonsalivary types. Salivary types are usually well-defined myoepithelial neoplasms, which closely resemble their salivary counterparts. Nonsalivary types are separated into intestinal-type SNAC (ITAC) and non-ITAC, and both have low- and high-grade categories. Intestinal-type SNACs are aggressive tumors that resemble intestinal epithelium and often arise in the ethmoid sinus. Non-ITACs are of presumed seromucous gland origin, have marked morphologic heterogeneity, and can arise anywhere in the sinonasal tract. Moreover, ITACs typically demonstrate an intestinal-type immunohistochemical profile (CK20+, CK7-, CDX2+, and villin+), whereas non-ITACs reveal a respiratory-type profile (CK20-, CK7+, CDX2-, and villin-).